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About microorganisms
There are two big groups of microorganisms: Prokaryote and Eukaryote
Prokaryote
Prokaryotes are organisms made up of cells that lack a cell nucleus or any membrane-encased organelles.
This means the genetic material DNA in prokaryotes is not bound within a nucleus.
Cell features
Within a eukaryotic cell, each membrane-bound structure carries out specific cellular functions. Here is an overview of many of the primary components of eukaryotic cells.
- Nucleoid: A central region of the cell that contains its DNA.
- Ribosome: Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
- Cell wall: The cell wall provides structure and protection from the outside environment. Most bacteria have a rigid cell wall made from carbohydrates and proteins called peptidoglycans.
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Eukaryote
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus and other organelles enclosed by a plasma membrane.
Organelles are internal structures responsible for a variety of functions,
such as energy production and protein synthesis.
Cell features
Within a eukaryotic cell, each membrane-bound structure carries out specific cellular functions. Here is an overview of many of the primary components of eukaryotic cells.
- Nucleus: The nucleus stores the genetic information in chromatin form.
- Nucleolus: Found inside of the nucleus, the nucleolus is the part of eukaryotic cells where ribosomal RNA is produced.
- Plasma membrane: The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the entire cell and encompasses the organelles within.
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